Essay on Othello by William Shakespeare - 977 Words

Othello by William Shakespeare Tush, never tell me! I take it much unkindly/ that thou, Iago, who hast had my purse/ as if the strings were thine, shouldst know of this./ (I. i. 1-3) From the beginning of Othello, Iago is portrayed as an antagonist, a villain who acts out of only his own interest. The acts that Iago engages in throughout Shakespeares Othello are erroneous acts. Iago is not insane and he can comprehend the difference between right and wrong. Shakespeare is known for his ability to focus on human flaws and teach us lessons from their misfortune. Iagos destiny with evil is due to his own flaws, jealousy, selfishness, and deceit. Because of these insecurities, Iago will stop at nothing to get even with Othello. By†¦show more content†¦He is not at all worried and so his demise begins. Iagos jealousy is depicted early when he is suspicious of Othello pursuing his own wife, Emilia. Iago tries to have Desdemonas father do the work for him, but it does not work. Iagos rage grows and in th e end of act I, he reveals his plan. The moor is of a free and open nature/ that thinks men honest that but seem to be so;/ and will as tenderly be led by th nose/ as asses are./ I havt! It is engendred! Hell and night/ must bring this monstrous birth to the worlds light./ (I. iii. 380-385) Iago is filled with hate for the Moor and his whole life is now consumed with revenge. Also at the end of the first scene in Cyprus, Iago speaks of his own motivations for his deceit. He says of Desdemona, Now I do love her too;/ not out of absolute lust, though for peradventure/ I do stand accountant for as great a sin,/ but partly led to diet my revenge/ for that I do suspect the lusty Moor/ hath leaped into my seat. (II. i. 268-272) He desired revenge for his own suspicion that Othello has gone to bed with Emilia. It is was killing on the inside and Iago would not be happy, Till I am evened with him, wife for wife;/ or failing so, yet that I put the Moor/ at least into a jealousy so str ong/ that judgement cannot cure. (II. i. 276-279) He reveals that he wants to kill Othello from the inside, make him succumb under his own power. Othello was marriedShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

Childhood Abuse A Child s Intellectual Growth And The...

Introduction Early child abuse poses threats on a child’s intellectual growth and the potential of developing psychiatric disorders such as eating disorders later on within adolescent stages. Eating disorders affect up to 24 million Americans and 70 million people worldwide. 1 in 5 women struggle with an eating disorder or disordered eating. It is estimated that 90% of those who have eating disorders are women between the ages of 12 and 25. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible associations between early childhood abuse which includes, physical, emotional, sexual, verbal and psychological abuse and it’s association within adolescents who suffer from various†¦show more content†¦All 12 articles that will be further discussed are all peer reviewed and pertain closely to the topic of childhood abuse and eating disorders. In a research study conducted by Neumark-Sztainer , Mary Story, Peter J. Hanna, Trish Beuring and Michael D. Resnick ( 1999), It was noted that questions pertained to first, whether or not individuals who experienced abuse are at higher risk for disordered eating than others who have not experienced abuse and if so, whether the increased risk was due to the experienced abuse or to the overall disturbances in family dynamics and second, the level of risk in developing a disordered eating that other types of abuse may have among adolescents (Neumark- Sztainer et al., 1999) The study population included a representative sample of 9,943 Connecticut public school students in grades 7, 9, 11 who participated in a state-wide anonymous survey of adolescent health from 1995-1996. It was a 225-item comprehensive assessment of adolescent health, health behaviours, and associated risk and protective factors. After data collection, the analysis of the data was done separately for boys and girls. Sexual abuse was strongly associated with disordered eating among both girls and boys. More Boys than girls who experienced sexual abuse reported disordered eating. Physical abuse was also strongly associated with disordered eating

Reading is Important Free Essays

At the same time, technology like pods and cell phones may distract potential readers from books. Caleb Grain’s and Stephen Kings arguments were both professional and compelling for the readers which Grain talks about how a decline in reading might be affecting the culture by providing statistics and evidence to back up his assertion; conversely, Kings argument was more entertainment and descriptive by including the Harry Potter series into his article, and at the same time, reassuring that the kids are alright. Exemplification is the essential key that Grain used to convince his audience that a decline in reading might be affecting the culture; his several examples were given in each of his paragraphs which make his point more clearly and logical to the readers. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading is Important or any similar topic only for you Order Now Grain writes, â€Å"In 1970, according to Editor Publisher International Year Book, there were 62. 1 million weekday newspapers in circulation? about 0. 3 papers per person. Since 1990, circulation has declined steadily, and in 2006 there were Just 52. 3 million weekday papers?about 0. 7 per person†¦ † (308). Indeed, facts and comparisons about how reading is on decline in our contemporary ultra, and how it used to be back in the day was the main point in his article, not only in this paragraph. The author relied on testimony that would make a large percentage of people realize the effect of ignorance and how books are falling down because they aren’t interactive enough. In his first example, he says, â€Å"In the fourth millennium B. C. E, the Sumerians developed cuneiform and the Egyptians hieroglyphs†¦ Traders had to recognize hundreds of symbols†¦ † (311). Likewise, this paragraph gives examples of how people used to read hundreds of symbols to get informed and educated, but on the contrary, nowadays, fewer children and adults are reading. By emphasizing exemplification, Grain uses results and statistics to convince his readers to support his specific opinion. He combines statistics with other kinds of evidence when he states a statistic, and then he gives an example reinforcing the number. Statistics can always be powerful evidence and command the attention of the audience. Grain warned, â€Å"During the next two decades, reading continued to fall and television watching to rise, though more slowly. By 1995, adding which had occupied twenty-one per cent of people’s spare time in 1995, accounted for Just nine per cent†¦ † (309). According to these statistics, reading for pleasure is continuing to decline, and people’s leisure time will be eroded by television, computer games, and internet activities. Equally important, Grain also depended on results to convince and encourages his readers to take the passion and enjoy reading with using the comparisons between the non-readers and readers. Grain says, â€Å"The N. E. A reports that readers are more likely than non-readers to play sports, exercise, and visit art museums†¦ (318). Which would give the readers the motivation to read more efficiently. Stephen king looked critically into J. K. Railings â€Å"Ministry of Magic,† which is a fascinating book for children, who became focused on reading the Harry Porter’s story. King, however, presented his view that Railings book was not perfect since most of the sections in it were too long in the narrations. On the other hand, King uses entertainment as a rhetorical strategy to explain the lifestyle of Harry Potter, which creates a sense of rich and elegant content whereby the reader gets to concentrate more. King writes, â€Å"And sometimes she falls prey to the Robinson Crusoe syndrome. In Crusoe, whenever the marooned hero requires something, he ventures out to his ship-which has conveniently run aground on the reef surrounding his desert island†¦ † (324). Entertainment as a rhetorical strategy plays a vital role in ensuring the reader is not bored. King uses creative spells like the Cruse’s ship that brings out an astonishing level of fantasy. Entertainment sets a scenario whereby the reader opens up to think critically while analyzing and evaluating the purpose of the story. Entertainment ensures that the reader becomes vitiated by the story; hence it increases the level of concentration and interest in reading the story. Description is another crucial aspect of rhetorical strategy used to create vivid images in the minds of readers. King has used subjective description to keep the readers intense, since he emphasizes on the reader’s feelings. The author writes, â€Å"One day in my hometown of Bangor, I was walking up the street and observed a dirty-face boy of about 3 with scabbed knees and a look of extreme concentration on his face†¦ † (322). He uses words that give a description, which illustrates a picture in the reader’s view. Also, King describes how Harry and his friends get into a tight corner and create a new spell, turning into a slide, thus making a child react gleefully. He used this strategy to capture the attention of his readers. Critically speaking, King did not succeed in compelling and convincing other people that Railings book was long. King himself comes to acknowledge that Roiling is a talented author that had an amusing story to tell and conveys her ideas without talking down. Further on, King compliments Roiling for setting standards which today’s writers cannot achieve as easily as she can. Society’s seeming disinterest in books and literature projects negative impacts on not only education and literacy, but on the general future as well. Inspiring people to read stories and articles about movies will increase literacy and would re-establish reading for pleasure in society once again and would lead the path to reading being the main medium for information and knowledge. In addition, non-readers lack the analytical and comprehensive skills of fluent readers, whereas the latter will most probably have built themselves a stronger vocabulary, impressive communication skills, and a rater knowledge of literature and composition. Reading is an integral part of culture, and human literacy is what primarily set us apart. It is crucial that it be re- introduced so that generations to come will be able to benefit from reading. In fact, school is the primary source of education that comes after parents’ duty. Nowadays, many parents ignore and neglect their children in many different aspects, focusing on their Jobs and businesses, and they forget about their children, whom they depend on schools to teach them everything, starting with education and ending with social life. How to cite Reading is Important, Papers

Various Aspects of Personal Skill Development

Question: Describe about behaviour management in personal skill development? Answer: Introduction: In this context the main concentration is provided upon various aspects of personal skill development. Several factors are there in relation to developing a good personal skill in all perspective (Bassford, 2010). The term personal skill signifies that the capability of an individual in respect of his performance upon any particular field. Generally personal skill refers the internal improvement of a human being. Interaction with others, conveying information and knowledge, behaviour, etc are mainly focused in respect of developing the personal skill of an individual. Managing the behaviour of an individual, various acknowledgements, backgrounds, achievements, identification of relevant factors, recognition etc is the main concern topic of this context. Here relevant factors in relation to the development of personal skill are going to be discussed in this project (Shimizu LeVine, 2002). Behaviour management: The two mainly difficult portion of teaching when it arrives to classroom management, getting your students to react with positive approach to your directions and getting all of them engaged in the process of teaching and tasks. The problem is, most teachers almost certainly have far too several demanding students to deal with, and not sufficient hold up and restricted period of time to convey a triumphant lesson, each and every day (Kornai, MaÃÅ' tyaÃÅ' s Roland, 2009). Teachers are tiring enough with the pressure of controlling the problems of students behaviour at the same time as trying to organize the balance of their grave workload that they have to deal with all these things on an everyday basis (Baker, Schorer Cobley, 2012).Behavior management is same kind of to behavior modification. It is a less concentrated description of behavior therapy. In behavior adaptation the main concentration is on varying behavior depending upon the relevant factors, whilst in behavior administration the focal point is on preserving order. Behavior modification skills are of exacting significance to teachers in the edifying system. Behavior management contains all of the measures and conscious inactions to increase the probability people, independently and in groups, choose behaviors which are individually fulfilling, creative, and socially suitable.There is a immense deal of explore in relation to "behavior change" and "behavior management". B.F. Skinner and Carl Rogers have prearranged two definitely different approaches for take in hand the behavior. Skinner's approach denotes that anyone be able to manipulate behavior by initial identifying what the person finds satisfying. Once the plunders of a person are known, subsequently those plunders can be chosen that the manager is keen to provide in replace for good behavior. Skinner calls this "Positive Reinforcement Psychology". Rogers propose that in order to successfully concentrate on behavior problems, person must be convinced to want to behave properly. This is done by teaching the person the distinction among right and wrong including why he or she ought to do the right thing. Rogers believes that the person ought to have an inner consciousness of right and wrong (Arora, 2014).Having a established system for dealing along with behaviour inconvenience as they take place (a classroom management plan), and an suggestion on how to get the attention of students, also process to get esteem from your main challenging scholars, it is crucial as these inconvenience which can create some days enormously difficult and exasperating for both students and the teacher (Bryson, 2010).Confident teachers are in a command of the whole thing that occurs in the classroom. They settle on what is mostly preferable for students, and lead them to learn productively. Students are expected to do as you are told and self-confident teachers make sure this by making and maintaining an environment in the classroom t hat endorses effective learning, students act quickly and determinedly in peaceful and collective way.The two personal skill areas I have identified as needing improvement of my teaching are behaviour management and voice projectionI believe these two areas are significantly important to teaching and making a success of every lesson during a teacherscareer. Use of behaviour management Behavior management is generally utilized when a person tries to end difficult behavior from any other individual. Behavior alteration and behavior therapy assist with behavior management in two ways. Behavior therapy is utilized when an person is trying to find the course of the manners, why the human being is behaving the way they are. Behavior alteration is a method to enlarge or reduce behavior. Utilizing these techniques, a person be able to achieve behavior management (Rogers, 2002).Optimistic strengthening, unenthusiastic strengthening, positive and negative penalty are all shapes of Operant taming. Strengthening is at what time you try to amplify behavior, either in a positive way or in a negative way. If anyone utilizes positive strengthening, that person adds a wanted incentive for preferred behavior, for example, awarding good behavior with a treat. Unenthusiastic strengthening is when you enlarge behavior by eradicating something which is unwanted. For example, the childs room is disorganized and his mother nags him to clear it up, he ultimately keeps it clear to eliminate his moms nagging. Punishment is trying to decrease behavior, either by using negative or positive (Bowman, 2005). Positive Penalty is when you add a not needed stimulus to reduce the behavior of the target, for example, spanking a child while he behaves inadequately. Here, spanking is being additional to reduce his dreadful behavior (Pinikahana Walker, 2011). Negative penalty is when you eliminate somewhat the target enjoyed or prefers to eliminate his or her dreadful behavior, for example, Johns child returns home past curfew every weekend, John eliminate watching TV after he is past curfew, as a result, Johns childs behavior of returning past curfew will be reduced. This is negative penalty as Johns child likes to see Tele Vision, so whilst John takes that away from his reach for being late, he does not prefer it, for that reason, deficient to return back home on correct time t o not get that dispensation taken away (Swainston, 2007). Background on the student Aged between 16-18 Left school with no qualification. Enrolled on this training academy to gain GCSE qualification in Maths and English through functional skills. Most of them not wanted to be there. Pressure from parents. Some not even interested in hair and beauty Just need GCSE for another course they wish to pursue in another establishment. So not paying much attention in the class especially during the theory lesson During theory During most lessons some students are very disruptive they are the same set of students most of the time. They do not like theory work during the lesson always asking to go to the toilet in the middle of the lesson asking very silly and questions that are not relevant to the topic and completely switch off during presentation. Never completing their task given during lesson and have to take home as extra homework to complete. Some studentsmanage to complete their tasks very quickly and ask to leave home very early if they are not allowed they become very disruptive and distract other from doing their work. In the course of the study students do not like to concentrate in the lessons and they do not even bother that not concentrating in the lesson at the time of teaching is harmful for them. It is the duty of the teacher to make the students bound to follow the instructions given by the teacher in lieu of the lessons teaching by the concern teacher. All the students in a classroom are not same, they used to come from different backgrounds, different families and many other different perspectives but the common thing among them is that they are the student of the same class as well as the students of a same teacher. So, the teacher should be well capable of making the bridge of collaboration and sense of cooperation among all the students of the class. Confident teachers are well acquainted about the facts contradictory in relation to the way of teaching and they also know the process how to solve those contradictions and to establish a good environment of study in the course of the teaching. In most of the cases, generally theoretical part of a course of study is not so enthusiastic for the students; it depends upon the ability of the teacher to represent the theoretical study in such a manner that it will create a sense of gratitude among the students for the teacher and it will attract the mind of the students that they will be able to concentrate in the cours e of study. During practical I noticed that most off the student really liked doing practical work. At the moment the students were doing theory on a Monday and practical sessions on a Tuesday the theory lesson is three hours long with a fifteen minute break in between and the same with the practical lesson on Tuesday. During the practical sessions they are very quiet they get on with theyre very well all tasks are completed within the specified time and their work is presented very well and they seem to be learning quiet a lot during the lesson. Also as they carry out the work I notice that they are very quiet and there concentration levels are quite high, and after every lesson they always ask what they are doing in their next practical session. Strategy used Even the most meticulously planned lessons can go to pot if students misbehave but sessions could be improved by teacher preparing an extra task for some students who complete task provided quicker than the time given. Also In the future lessons could be improved by breaking them down into half for example the first 90 minutes could be theory and the second 90 minutes could be practical. I think by doing this student will still get both practical and theory in one day and still be engaged in lessons and learning will be very productive. By just doing 3 hours of theory students loose concentration and disengage during the lesson and become very disruptive. This has a very bad impact on the lesson as classroom management cannot be maintained and what the students learn is very limited. early productivity in lessons helps to engage students. It is then easier to share the point of the lesson with your pupils(Quigley, 2015) Knowledge and skill developed and achievements: Students doing more work would not elevate standards. They are required to be doing the right things. This is the distinction among being occupied and being productive. Here are the main three steps I followed to encouraging students efficiency and progress in lessons. Teach the right things Get students doing most of the work Organise classroom structures By using this strategy of teaching during lessons and dividing the lesson in half I believe that classroom management was maintained and managed well. Adapting to students individual needs and recognising own limitations as a professional doesnt mean that you can handle everything. Knowing that you have support and backup is crucial tostaying in control of your own behaviourand responding appropriately to students bad behaviour. Be Attentive. Use Positive Self-Talk. Debrief with pears. Be Mindful of Your Own Reaction. Poor communication is generally recognised as a feature of bad management.(elton, 1989) It is the duty of every teacher to promote sense of obligation among the students in respect of the studies. In this regard the teacher must be positive in nature in relation to teaching aspects. Positive frame of work encourages students for paying more and more attention in the course of the study. The teacher should simplify the context of the study as it will be easier for the students to understand as well as encouraging. Well qualified teachers are quite aware of their gestures and postures in the course of the teaching, any misconduct from the part of the teacher not only hamper the class but also reduce the sense of respect from the part of the students towards teacher. The teacher should be very good organizers, as they have to organize the class in such a manner that no disability as to the course of study may arise. Above all, the teacher ought to be attentive towards his class and the lesson he is teaching, as well as the understanding level among all of the students. Identification of the area working on Insecurities about your voice, or overwhelming concerns about what others will think about your sound can get in the wayand prevent you from projecting your voice. This is not always an easy fix, and often takes consistent practice and work.I intend to practice directing my voice for example practising talking to objects or targets and giving my voice an aim so I can naturally project my voice in the classrooms. Gaining class attention Getting students on task Giving praise Consequences What you wanted to achieve. First parody can be enduring, and they are generally based upon the behaviour. Earlier than you even commence teaching, your apprentices will have previously made some judgments about you, so it is significant to comprehend what those parody are based on and how to control them. Achieving classroom management is imperative regardless of these difficulties, there are teachers who constantly do well with the mostnoncompliantstudents, and enjoy a new intelligence of accomplishment, a lesser amount of stress and more joy in teaching their students. Leaving positive lasting impressions on students on students so they to love to learn and give kids more options, better opportunities and a greater capacity to give back to others. What you learned from this area. Be patience, plenty of patients are needed every day and in every way within the classroom full of youthful energetic student who will utilize their imaginationin many ways to test your tolerance every day. Any teacher who presumes that a classroom full of students will be willing to sit silently and listen to the teacher teaches them will be astonished by the rude beginning that students do not work that way. Give more praises Give clear instructions/ repeat Middle ground Follow up on consequences Extra task Identify learners needs offer additional support Conclusion: After the above discussion it can be summed up that here personal skill development is very much dependable upon the relationship among the teacher and the student. Every teacher is responsible for the better future and capability of obtaining skill of the students. Teachers are the primary source for a student to enhance the skills and capabilities as to the personal skill development. In above the basic understanding level from the part of the teacher has been discussed as to their responsibilities and duties in furnishing better quality of education to the students. But a teacher can guide or emphasise upon the credential of a student but the development of the personal skill is quite dependable upon the acceptability of students as well as the attention of the parents in this regard. Bibliography Arora, S. (2014).WebGL game development. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing. Baker, J., Schorer, J., Cobley, S. (2012).Talent identification and development in sport. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Bassford, M. (2010).Sustaining key skills in the UK military aircraft industry. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND. Bowman, C. (2005).Behavior management. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Totline. Bryson, J. (2010).Beyond skill. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Kornai, J., MaÃÅ' tyaÃÅ' s, L., Roland, G. (2009).Corruption, development and institutional design. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Pinikahana, J., Walker, C. (2011).Society, behaviour and epilepsy. New York: Nova Biomedical Books. Rogers, B. (2002).Teacher leadership and behaviour management. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: P. Chapman Pub. Shimizu, H., LeVine, R. (2002).Japanese frames of mind. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Swainston, T. (2007).Behaviour management. London: Network Continuum. (2014, 11 19). Retrieved from equality act: https://www.acas.org.uk/equalityact Elton, l. (1989). Discipline in Schools. The Eltob Report, 93. Quigley, C. (2015, 01 2). how to make lessons more productive. Retrieved from teaching primary: https://www.teachprimary.com Rodgers, B. (1995). Behaviour management. Australia: Scholastic

19th Century Philippines free essay sample

The Philippines was governed by Spain through a viceroy from Mexico. The highest office was that of the Governor-General, the chief executive of the Spanish colonial government, appointed by the Spanish king. The town is managed by a gobernadorcillo. The barangay is the smallest political unit under a cabeza de barangay. The social hierarchy was in this order: at the top were the peninsulares or the Spaniards from Spain, next were the insulares, Spaniards born in the Philippines and also called Filipinos, the mestizos, born of Spanish and Chinese descent, at the bottom were the indios, the local inhabitants. A total of 300 insurections and rebellions by the Filipinos all over the achipelago were recorded in the more than 3000 years of Spanish colonialization. 19th century was defined by liberal thinking for the following reasons: 1)Mexico rebelled against Spain and this brought revolutionary thinking to Manila; 2) the opening of the Suez Canal made the trip to Manila from Europe faster thereby bringing liberal ideas to the Philippines; and 3) rise of the middle class ? Liberalism is a set of political beliefs which puts primary consideration on the freedom and rights of the individual which includes the freedom of speck, of expression and of the press. We will write a custom essay sample on 19th Century Philippines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1869, Carlos Maria de la Torre became the first liberal governor-general of the Philippines. For two year, until 1871, he instituted liberal reforms that benefited the Filipino middle class. ?Padre Jose Burgos campaigned for the Filipinization of the parochial churches in the Philippines and asked for the expulsion of friars back to Spain. ?The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was used to condemn Frs. Burgos, Zamora, and Gomez to death by garrote or musketry. ?The martyrdom of Gomburza was winessed by Paciano Rizal, Jose’s brother. Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere was dedicated to the martyred priests. Economic Conditions ?The economic policies of Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas opened the Philippines to the world market. ?These economic policies were the galleon trade and the monopolies of tobacco, wine and gambling. ?The galleon trade made Mexico Philippines’ trade partner. The route of the trade was from manila to Acapulco and back. ?From Acapulco, Mexico the Philippines got its silver and gold coins while the Philippines exported tobacco, wine, sugar and goods from China. The Philippines was the bridge of Asia to Europe and this trade allowed the emergence of the Filipino middle class composed mainly by insulares and mestizos. The encomienda system was transformed into Hacienda system wherein the vast tracks of land were devoted for the planting of single crops for export. (e. g. Ilocos for tobacco, Negros for sugar cane, etc. The first banks in the Philippines were managed by Spanish friars knows as Obras Pias. This banks lent money to the members of middle class which were used by them as capital for their export business. The first rural bank established was the Rodriguez Bank. The Mercado family was a typical middle class family of the 19th century who rented land from the Dominican friars. Social Conditions ?Schools and universities were opened and managed by Spanish friars. The most popular among them were the Ateneo de Municipal under the Jesuit fathers and Universidad de Santo Tomas under the Dominican friars. ?There were schools for boys and girls. For boys, schools teach history, languages, humanities, medicine, theology and law. While for girls, shools offer courses for dress making, home making, cooking and gardening.

The human resource, employment relations strategies, processes adopted in the fast food industries in the United States, Germany and Australia

Introduction The fast-food industry has become extremely internationalized within the last three decades; such companies as McDonald’s or Burger King operate in countries that may have different political and legal systems, cultures, or even religions (Berberoglu 2002, p. 135).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The human resource, employment relations strategies, processes adopted in the fast food industries in the United States, Germany and Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay is aimed at comparing and contrasting the human resource and employment relations strategies used in such countries as the United States, Australia, and Germany. These countries have been chosen because such examples can show how multinational corporations (MNCs) adapt to different legal systems, social values, and cultural environments. For instance, the United States can be seen as a country where the fast-food indu stry first achieved enormous success in terms of financial performance. By looking at it, one can understand the origins of HR practices used in the fast-food industry. In turn, Germany can be of great interest to business administrators because of its labour relations system that requires MNCs to develop more complex HR strategies and give more bargaining power to workers. Finally, Australia is a state which places much emphasis on the corporate social responsibility of private businesses and one should see how companies adapt to these requirements. Overall, it is possible to say that a MNC has to take into account such factors as the labour laws of a country, the degree to which workers are unanimous, and cultural values of a particular society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although, it may not be possible to develop a model that can fit every country, business administ rators can identify a set of best practices that are related to staffing, training and development, remuneration, management, and industrial relations. Theories related to HR practices in multinational corporations To a great extent, the success of international companies depends on their ability to improve or optimize every aspect of their performance. These organizations have to be concerned with the cost of their operations, especially labour expenses, and relations with customers. These aspects of performance are of crucial importance to the fast-food industry which can be defined as a group of firms specialising on â€Å"branded† convenience food prepared in a place and meant for direct sale to retailers (Royle Towers 2002, p. 2). Human resource management plays an important role for these organizations, because it ensures that a company can recruit and retain the employees who can effectively cope with the goals that the organization sets. The first strategy is based on the convergence theory. According to this approach, cultural boundaries or distinctions can be eroded; therefore; similar HR models and approaches can be replicated across countries (Mcgaughey Cieri 1999, p. 236). In contrast, the divergence theory implies the difference between cultures will continue to play an important role and HR managers will have to encourage diversity (Mcgaughey Cieri 1999, p. 237). The countries that have been chosen for this discussion do not differ significantly in terms of such cultural indicators as power distance or uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The human resource, employment relations strategies, processes adopted in the fast food industries in the United States, Germany and Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there are some differences in such values as collectivism and individuality, especially if one is speaking about t he United States and Germany (Hofstede 2012). Thus, the influence of culture is one of the issues that multinational corporations (MNCs) should be aware of. Secondly, HR professionals have to think about laws that are implemented in specific countries. It should be mentioned that the term human-resource relations refers to the programs that an organization puts in place in order to ensure that the employees receive the benefits that are guaranteed by legislation (Lusthaus 1999, p. 69). In particular, one can mention such issues as compensation, protection of health, or human rights (Lusthaus 1999, p. 69). In turn, employment relations strategies can be understood as long-term objectives set by the management in order to preserve or change workplace procedures and results (Rose 2008, p. 81). Fast-food companies have to focus on such activities training, recruitment, and compensation policies to make sure that their labour costs remain low, while the quality of organizational performa nce is not impaired. Yet, one should take into account that HR practices and relations with workers are affected by a variety of factors, for example, labour legislation of a specific country, or the attitude of a society toward a specific job or occupation, and so forth. Thus, HR managers should be aware of these factors. Overall, the task of these professionals becomes more complicated when they have to adjust their practices to a different country.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, fast food companies that operate in Germany have to consider the increased role of trade unions there and collective bargaining power of German workers (Royle, 2012, p. 75; Schnabel Wagner 2008, p. 497). In turn, Australian fast-food companies have to be more concerned with their public image (Allan, Bamber Timo 2002 p. 161). HR professionals must ensure that the practices used in different divisions of the organization do not compromise the company and its image. MNCs are pressured to conform to the local legal and social norms. This is one of the most difficult tasks that HR professional have to cope with. On the one hand, they are pressured by the senior executives who are mostly concerned with the profitability of an enterprise. Yet, they also have to comply with the rules set by the government of a foreign country. Overall, these examples suggest that HR policies are instrumental for the effective performance of an organization. They have to ensure cost-efficienc y and good relations with customers. These aspects of performance are crucial for the fast-food industry. Moreover, this discussion shows that HR practices and employee relations have to be adjusted to a certain cultural, social, and political environment. The following section will illustrate this argument in more detail. Comparison and contrast of HR practices in different countries The practices that exist in different countries Despite the fact that the countries that have been chosen for discussion may differ in terms of legal environment, there are some similarities in the practices used by fast-food companies. The similarities are mostly related to such aspects as staffing, training, development and management. First of all, one should speak about training and development. One of the trends that can be observed in the United States, Germany, and Australia is the standardization of workplace procedures (Royle Towers 2002, p. 144). As a rule, fast food companies provide specif ic instructions for each activity that an employee can be engaged in. Special attention is normally paid to customer service (Royle Towers 2002, p. 144). Managers pay special attention to such aspects as politeness of employees, their facial expressions, their reactions to clients’ requests and so forth (Leidner 2002, p. 25). The training programs in the fast-food industry are designed to develop these skills. These corporations attempt to make sure that their workers can understand every workplace procedure. Moreover, they are trained to act as interchangeable parts of a mechanism (Royle Towers 2002, p. 144). To a great extent, this policy can be explained by the corporate culture of such companies. These MNCs usually pay special attention to the training that they provide to workers in order to succeed. Staffing is another aspect of HR practices that is replicated in the United States, Germany, and Australia. Fast-food companies have accepted the idea of high turnover in their organizations. To a great extent, this policy can be explained by cultural factors that are present in the United States, Germany, and Australia. One should take into account that jobs in the fast-food industry do not enjoy popularity in economically-developed countries (Tannock 2001). They are usually associated with lack of education or skills that allow a person to climb a social ladder (Leidner 2002, p. 16). Employees of such restaurants can even be ridiculed by peers. This stigmatization is particular strong when one speaks about the person who has already reached adulthood (Leidner 2002, p. 16). Thus, fast-food companies employ mostly young people who are pursuing their education or who are just searching for a part-time job (Allan, Bamber Timo 2002 p. 152). Overall, fast-food corporations have already accepted the idea of high turnover within their divisions. Moreover, when recruiting people, they emphasize such issues as their ability to work flexible hours or free tr aining that the company can offer. Thus, fast-food companies usually employ only young people who do not want to stay with them for a long time. One can say that each of the countries that have been chosen is an advanced economy, and the employment in the fast-food industry is not rewarding for the majority of people. Thus, fast-food companies should take into account that people see them as only part-time employers. Another aspect that people should take into account is management style, especially the degree of autonomy that workers have in fast-food industry. As a rule, the employees of fast-food companies do not have many opportunities to take part in the decision-making (Royle, 2005, p. 42). More likely, they have to act like subordinates who are supposed to follow every instruction or command of the business administrator. Again, this policy has been replicated in many countries, including the United States, Australia, or Germany. However, this approach is consistently critici zed by trade unions of these countries. Overall, these policies can be explained by the corporate culture of fast-food companies and their emphasis on cost-efficiency. In this case, cultural differences between countries do not manifest themselves. On the whole, HR professionals should that the majority of their employees do not want to work with them on a regular basis. The differences in HR practices and employee relations The managers of fast-food companies should take into account that not all of their practices can be easily replicated in different countries. The most important aspects are the remuneration and industrial relations. For instance, MNCs operating in the United States attempt to minimize the wages of the employees and they do not face much resistance (Leidner 2002, p. 12). It should be noted that in this country the labour terms are more favourable to employers, rather than employees (Leidner 2002, p. 12). American law imposes restrictions on companies, but it does not give many positive rights to workers (Leidner, p. 12). This is the main peculiarity of labour relations and remuneration in this country. Fast-food companies that began to operate at an international level attempted to emulate these policies in other countries, but they did not achieve success. For instance, such a strategy may not be successful in Germany where the collective bargaining power of workers is much stronger. The efforts of the German labour force are usually more synchronized in part because trade unions play a more important role in this society. It should be noted that in Germany a larger percentage of workers are unionized (Schnabel Wagner, 2008, p. 497). Apart from that, the German Trade Union Federation that represents the rights workers is an influential organization and many companies have to accept its demands (Royle 2002, p. 71). Moreover, according to Works Constitution Act employees are allowed to establish councils that should represent their rights ( Royle 2002, p. 72). In this country, the companies that resist the unionization of their employees are more likely to face public criticism. One can mention that McDonald’s had to encounter such difficulties when it entered the German market because it could not reach an agreement with trade unions (Royle 2002, p. 71). Therefore, Germany has a system of checks and balances that offer more protection to employees. In Australia, the rights of workers are also well-protected, in part because fast-food companies working in this country have to act as good corporate citizens (Allan, Bamber Timo 2002, p. 161). Such MNCs as McDonald’s, Hungry Jack’s, and KFC have decided to manage the entire union discussions instead of dealing with separate trade unions (Allan, Bamber Timo 2002, p. 140). So, in Australia the rights of workers are protected due to corporate social responsibility, while in Germany their rights are defended by trade unions. Managers should also take in to account that Germany and the United States differ from one another in terms of cultural values and these differences may explain why remuneration and labour relations differ in these countries. For instance, according to Geert Hofstede, Germans place less emphasis on individuality in comparison with Americans (Hoftede 2012). This means that German workers are more cohesive or unanimous (Hofstede 2012). They are more likely to join their efforts in order to force a company to raise wages. Overall, this example suggests that the practices of a company have to take into account the cultural and political environment of the country. As it has been shown, the degree of collectivism can determine the bargaining power of employees. Overall, the differences that have been identified are mostly related to human resource relations. In particular, one can speak about such aspects as compensation and labour relations of MNCs. These corporations should take into account that in the future, th e majority of governments may require them to act as responsible corporate citizens, and it will be more difficult for them to defend their reputation. HR professionals can help them avoid these problems by designing strategies that can improve employees’ satisfaction with their work. Recommendations It is possible to identify best practices that fast-food MNCs can adopt in order to perform successfully in different countries. First of all, fast-food companies should continue their policies regarding training and development. Their task is to provide on-the-job training to employees. As it has been noted before, practically every workplace procedure in fast-food industry is specified and standardized. This approach will enable them to maximize the performance of their employees at a relatively low cost. Certainly, high turnover of employees is usually believed to be a cause of many problems for many companies (Tesone 2008, p. 206). Yet, high turnover does not pose a significa nt risk to fast-food companies because they want their employees to be interchangeable in the workplace (Royle Towers 2002, p. 144). This is one of the approaches that can be applied in different countries. Secondly, while recruiting employees they should focus on such aspects as flexibility of working hours, absence of educational requirements, and ability to earn some income at the time when a person cannot secure a more prestigious employment. These organizations should remember about the demographic characteristics of their labour force. Fast-food companies should recruit young people who believe that fast-food industry can offer them only a temporary employment. This strategy can be applied in the United States, Germany, Australia, and many other countries in which fast-food companies operate. This approach has already proved to be effective. As it has been said before, the employees of fast-food companies can often be stigmatized. HR professionals highlight some positive aspe cts of working in a fast-food restaurant, for example, flexible working hours or ability to receive free training. Thirdly, they should remember that the bargaining power of workers can be greater in some countries. The managers of fast-food companies should remember that in Germany and Australia the social performance of businesses has to reach higher standards. Such practices as of-the-clock work may no longer be permissible. In the previous sections it has been shown that fast-food companies have to act as responsible corporate citizens because people who live in Australia, Germany and the US may eventually pay more attention to their labour practices. These companies should remember that they also need skilful employees, and it is necessary to find ways of retaining workers who can improve the operations of fast-food restaurants. Conclusion The success of fast-food companies strongly depends on their ability to adjust to the legal, social and cultural environment of other countr ies. In particular, they need to focus on the laws that are implemented in the country, people’s attitudes toward a certain occupation, and some of their cultural values such as collectivism or individuality. These organizations should remember that human resource and employment relations strategies can require some modifications, depending upon a particular country. For instance, in Germany fast-food companies should be ready to cooperate with trade unions. The examples discussed in this paper suggest that daily operations, workplace practices, and recruitment of employees can be similar in across different countries. They are relatively similar in the United States, Germany, and Australia. They can continue using such practices in the future. However, promotion of employee’s rights, the empowerment of personnel, and their compensation require much more attention of HR managers who work outside the United States. They should note that bargaining power of workers can b e very strong in some countries such as Germany. References Allan, C., Bamber G Timo, N 2002 â€Å"Employment relations in the Australian fast-food industry†. In Royle, T Towers, B (eds.), Labor relations in the global fast food industry, Routledge, New York, pp. 140-152. Berberoglu, B 2002, Labor and Capital in the Age of Globalization: The Labor Process and the Changing Nature of Work in the Global Economy, Rowman Littlefield, London. Hofstede, G 2012, National Culture: Germany. Web. Leidner R 2002, Fast-food work in the United States. In Royle, T Towers, B (eds.), Labor relations in the global fast food industry, Routledge, New York, pp. 7-27. Lusthaus, C 1999, Enhancing Organizational Performance: A Toolbox for Self-Assessment, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa. Mcgaughey, S, Cieri, H 1999, ‘Reassessment of convergence and divergence dynamics: implications for international HRM’, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, vol.10 no. 2, pp. 235-250. Rose, E 2008, Employment Relations, Pearson Education, New York. Royle, T Towers, B (eds.) 2002, Labor relations in the global fast food industry, Routledge, New York. Royle, T 2005, ‘Realism or idealism? Corporate social responsibility and the employee stakeholder in the global fast-food industry’, Business Ethics: A European Review, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 42-55 Royle, T 2002, ‘Undermining the system? Labour relations in the German fast-food industry’ †. In Royle, T Towers, B (eds.), Labor relations in the global fast food industry, Routledge, New York, pp. 69-92. Schnabel, C, Wagner, J 2008, ‘The Aging of the Unions in West Germany, 1980-2006’, Jahrbucher Fur Nationalokonomie Und Statistik, vol. 228 no 5, pp. 497-511. Tannock, S 2001, Youth At Work, Temple University Press, London. Tesone, D 2008, Handbook Of Hospitality Human Resources Management, Elsevier, London. This essay on The human resource, employment relations strategies, processes adopted in the fast food industries in the United States, Germany and Australia was written and submitted by user Ahmad Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Let The punishment Fit the Crime essays

Let The punishment Fit the Crime essays Sir William Schwenk Gilbert stated in the first act of The Mikado Let the punishment fit the crime. In society punishments are given to make people suffer for their wrong doings. Is it fair that when man breaks rules but only in the name of righteousness that he be punished? In the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey, the author skillfully portrays man as one who suffers for breaking the rules, while trying to stand up for his beliefs and inspire others. One may suffer as a consequence of breaking the rules, but he will suffer unfairly if he were only breaking them to stand up for his beliefs. In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Nurse Ratched constantly caused the inmates to endure unfair suffering when they broke the rules, even if they were breaking them to stand up for their beliefs. On the evening of the world series game, the inmates led by McMurphy held a vote so they could watch the game. The deciding vote was not submitted in time because the meeting was closed according to the Nurse. McMurphy rebelled against this unfair decision by skipping his chores and sitting there with his hands crossed behind his head and his feet stuck out in a chair, a smoking cigarette sticking out from under his hatbrim - watching the blank TV screen.(p. 127). The Nurse believed this showed unspeakable behavior concerning [his] house duties and she felt that her punishment of taking away a privilege (p. 171) had therapeutic value (p. 171). What the Nurse was really doing was punishing this man for standing up for himself. McMurphy suffers as a result of his courage to take a stand against the Nurses unfair ruling. McMurphy rebels against the system by breaking Nurse Ratcheds rules and laying down his own. To me this sounds like a leader trying to make a difference not a man who deserves punishment. In like manner, the Jews ...